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Enhancement of efficiency of dismembered transport
Enhancement of efficiency of the use of transport demands more rational approach to its operation in technological cycles. One of the directions of such approach is dismemberment of the main mass of the vehicle on components and connecting them by some means. Similar approach to the enhancement of the efficiency of work is used in the carriages by rail. Diesel locomotive, before moving the movable structure of carriages, move back and choose air gaps in carriages coupling in opposite to the movement direction. Further, diesel locomotive move in direction of going and pull consistently each next carriage separately because of air gaps availability. By such a way of the movement, diesel locomotive needs power to move one carriage, but not the whole movable structure.
In other transport vehicles, according to this method, it is reasonable to divide main chassis and body of the vehicle with load. [Vikovych I.A., Cherevko M.I., Zinko R. V., Lozovyj I.S. Device for mounting of the body of the transporting vehicles. Patent on utility model of Ukraine. №472747. Appl.11.08.2008. – 3p.] (pic.3). Other variants of the transport vehicle dismemberment are possible. (pic.2 ). For the road trains tractor with semi-trailor can be dismembered. (pic.3). For the passenger transport, for example, multisection buses, trolley buses, trams, underground, separate sections can be dismembered.
Pic. 1. Constructive scheme of patented device for body of transport vehicle mounting : 1 – rollers ; 2 – directive; 3 – stopper buffers; 4 – bracket with groove; 5 – slipper; 6 – springs; 7- damping element; 8 – extreme props; 9 – middle prop; 10 – body of the vehicle. Pic. 2. Methods of dismemberment of transport vehicles.
Pic.3. – Tractive – coulping device of the camion.
Pic.4. – Tractive – coupling device of the two-section trolley bus
Researches for the automobile with the dismembered masses of load were held [Project : Elastically Jointed Transport Vehicles].(pic.5) They showed, that the peak values of body of vehicle and load displacement, their speeds and accelerations of the chassis with dismembered elements decrease up to 20 % , if going on the same speed, when comparing with ordinary automobile. Peak values of efforts of driving wheels on the chassis decrease up to 15%, body of vehicle on loads up to 10%. (Pic.6)
Pic.5. Experimental model of automobile of the increased cross-country capability ZIL - 131 with elastically jointed elements and set complex of devices for the determination of range of characteristics of transport vehicles. Pic.6. Comparison of disperse - frequency characteristics of transmission of wheeled transport vehicles with movable and rigid mounting by the analysis of the vibration from the road bumpiness : 1 – by the rigid mounting of the body of the vehicle; 2 – by movable mounting.
Method of dismemberment of main mass of transport vehicles doesn’t only increase maximum power, needed for starting movement or braking in the process of movement. It also allows to decrease peaks of dynamic loading in the transmission, decrease vibroloading, increase smoothless of movement and comfortableness, durability and reliability of vehicles accordingly. Improvement of these indexes is possible by the choice and providing of corresponding laws of motion of dismembered masses. Now in Lviv Polytecnic National University researches are held, aim of which is to choose construction of system of the control of movement of the jointed masses and providing of corresponding algorithms of work.
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