Analysis of existent approaches

The plans that exist in large cities are a decade old and require excessive funds and are not effective. The plans are ineffective because they do not take into account the dynamics of the growing city. Plans are made without consideration for transportation.
Lately more flexible planning of cities began to use the imitation design of transport branches
In the present time there is a great number of special systems used to design transportation networks for example: TRANSIMS, PARAMICS, EMME/2, SATURN, and others. Existing approaches to the design can be classified depending on the level of detail involved.
1. The macro-level describes the transportation branch as a whole, an aggregate of all vehicles.
Meaningful parameters: Density of traffic, Basic application domain of this type of model- analysis of the transport system in large volume, that is networks of highways and interregional roadways.
2. The models of micro-levels are characterized by description of separate vehicles, transportation, and co-operations between them. The model shows the conduct of separate participants of road motion, that submit to the rules of conduct and co-operation of vehicles transport. The rules of conduct contain additional strategies for the management by speed and acceleration. Presently microscopic models are used for the design of traffic on the separate crossing and their aggregates.




Classification of models of imitation and design

The imitation design as a method of similar objects appears to be a promising approach to the solution of this problem: it allows the quick and precise forecast descriptions of the difficult systems of a similar nature and optimizes substantial parameters, and chooses the proper parameters of optimization.
At the same time all research workers mark such a feature of the transport systems as impossible to construct, an adequate analytical model, that would allow to explore the variants of management in this system and its description under various conditions. With reason there is the presence of the still human factor: Drivers react to certain situations differently than others. Not all variables are foreseen which considerably complicates the analysis of such a system. Thus, road motion is the techno-social system, that determines its specifics as an object of management. Even considering solely the technical aspects of road traffic control, it is necessary to know that this object is very original and is built from point of management by its properties. In the time of the former Soviet Union there were attempts to use the automated systems of road traffic control (ASCDR), where a transport stream, was the object of management (motor vehicles). Unfortunately absence of synonymous algorithms of their functioning (and that high dependence on experience of the operator) and the high costlow reliability of the instruments make this system ineffective. In international practice the system of Intellectual Transport Infrastructure is able to effectively handle the existent road-street network and smoothly accommodate large streams of traffic. This system is used internationally due to its effectiveness.



The principle chart of the automated system of road traffic control

Throughout the world the number of Information systems used for transportation information is increasing every year (Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS). With the use of modern technologies in communication, management, and computers, ITS is able to improve the efficiency and safety of motor vehicles.
The abbreviation ITS was first used in the USA, and became the internationally acknowledged abbreviation. The introduction of ITS made a considerably significant change in the structure of all ground transportations systems in the world. In 1991 the United States congress passed the legislative act know as ISTEA. ISTEA was introduced in order to achieve the following goals: to increase the carrying capacity of highways, reduce traffic jams, and increase traffic safety. This is all possible through the use of modern technologies.
The ministry of transportation in the US developed a strategic plan in order to ensure the carrying out of tasks put forth by congress. Independent experts believe that use of this plan in 2011 will allow a decrease in costs of city roads by 8% and save more than 3000 lives thus evading approximately 400000 road accidents in a year. In addition by cities which use ITS, will be able to decrease the work load of roads in 2011 by approximately 20%, all of this is possible for the tens of millions of drivers in the US because of development and implementation of ITS.
The use of ITS has a very positive effect within a short time and with minimum costs which by comparison to previous estimates allows the minimization of delays in transportation by 15-40%, decreasing the emission of exhaust gases by 10-28%, promoting safety, and lowers the probability of a traffic jam occurring. In modern times not many present the development of transportations systems without the use of the latest achievements in information technologies and communication networks. For the denotation of symbiosis of these great technologies the special term “telematica” is presented. The best example of the achievements of telematica is evident with the observation of Germany's transportation system which collects money from truckers. Telematic strategy has potential to increase the automation of management by use of definite functions and their ability to fully create automatic systems. The application of this strategy resulted in success for Bombardier Transportation.
The use of telematici in the management of the transportation systems increases the efficiency and the quality of work completed. ITS allows the automatic (or with minimum participation of operator) forming and handling actions in real-time mode of objects TS. For this purpose the feed-back must function in the system, in order to provide automatic operative data pertaining to objects within the transportation system of management.